The International Journal of Healthcare and Education (IJHE) is committed to upholding the highest standards of research ethics and integrity. We require that all research involving human participants, animals, or sensitive data comply with recognized ethical guidelines and regulatory standards.

1. Research Involving Human Participants

• Manuscripts reporting research involving human participants must state that the study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

• Authors must confirm that ethical approval was obtained from an appropriate institutional review board (IRB) or ethics committee, and that informed consent was obtained from all participants (or their legal guardians) where applicable.

• The manuscript must include a statement detailing the name of the ethics committee that approved the study and the approval reference number.

2. Research Involving Animals

• Research involving animals must comply with internationally accepted guidelines for the ethical treatment of animals, such as the International Association of Veterinary Editors’ Consensus Author Guidelines on Animal Ethics and Welfare.

• Authors must provide a statement confirming that the study received ethical approval from the appropriate committee and that animal welfare standards were maintained throughout the research process.

3. Research Involving Sensitive Data or Vulnerable Populations

• Studies involving sensitive personal data, minors, individuals with cognitive impairments, or other vulnerable populations must demonstrate additional safeguards for the protection of participants’ rights, dignity, and well-being.

• Consent procedures must be appropriate for the specific participant group and context.

4. Informed Consent

• Authors must ensure that participants have provided freely given, informed consent to participate in the research.

• If identifiable information about participants is included (e.g., images, case reports), explicit consent for publication must also be obtained and documented.

5. Data Management and Sharing

• Authors are encouraged to follow FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) for research data management.

• When applicable, authors should make datasets available in trusted repositories and provide data access statements within their manuscripts.

6. Ethical Approval Documentation

• IJHE reserves the right to request copies of ethics approval documents and informed consent forms during the editorial or peer review process to verify compliance with ethical standards.

7. Plagiarism, Fabrication, and Misconduct

• IJHE strictly prohibits plagiarism, data fabrication, data falsification, and other forms of research misconduct.

• All submitted manuscripts undergo similarity checks, and suspected cases of misconduct are handled according to COPE guidelines.

8. Declaration in Manuscripts

• All manuscripts reporting research involving human participants, animals, or sensitive data must include a clear "Ethics Statement" section confirming compliance with ethical standards and relevant approvals.